sand3d 1.6.2

1"""A tufted chair: a buttoned back rolling over at the top, a domed seat on a nailed2apron, four tapered legs.3 4Millimetres, Z up, the chair's front towards -Y; built as its left half's legs, the5right ones mirrored. The architecture is the seat on its legs; the back and every6row of trim are details added to it: deleting `add_back` leaves a stool, and the7back's tufts follow the width they are given.8"""9import json10import math11import sys12 13import sand3d as s3d14 15 16def tufted_chair(width=520):17    chair = chair_frame(width)18    add_back(chair)19    add_seat_nails(chair)20    return chair.root21 22 23def chair_frame(width=520, depth=480, seat_z=430, inset=50, floor=0):24    seat = upholstered_seat(width, depth)25    legs = []26    for leg, y in ((front_leg, -(depth / 2 - inset)), (rear_leg, depth / 2 - inset)):27        left = s3d.at(leg(), x=-(width / 2 - inset), y=y, z=floor)28        legs += [left, s3d.transform(s3d.copy(left), mirror="x")]   # the right one: its image across x = 029    return s3d.assembly("chair", s3d.at(seat.root, z=seat_z), *legs,30                        seat=seat, width=width, seat_z=seat_z, rear_y=depth / 2)31 32 33def add_back(chair, behind=-30, above=200):34    back = tufted_back(chair.width)35    s3d.attach(chair, "back", s3d.at(back.root, y=chair.rear_y + behind, z=chair.seat_z + above))36    add_buttons(back)37    add_back_nails(back)38 39 40def add_seat_nails(chair, pitch=22, d=10, h=5):41    """One nail every `pitch` along the seat's seam, round its front and sides."""42    seat = chair.seat43    spots = s3d.snap(seat.parts, s3d.along(seat.seam, pitch))44    s3d.attach(seat, "seat_nails", *[s3d.at(s3d.dome("nail", d, h), on=f) for f in spots])45 46 47def add_buttons(back, d=16, h=3):48    s3d.attach(back, "buttons", *[s3d.at(s3d.dome("button", d, h), on=f) for f in back.tufts])49 50 51def add_back_nails(back, pitch=22, d=10, h=5, face=((220, -230), (226, 150)), reach=400):52    """A row up each side of the back's face, where its cover is nailed to the frame,53    from (x, z) to (x, z), found from in front, `reach` away."""54    spots = []55    for side in (-1, 1):56        (x0, z0), (x1, z1) = face57        spots += s3d.snap(back.parts, s3d.along([(side * x0, -reach, z0), (side * x1, -reach, z1)], pitch),58                          direction=(0, 1, 0))59    s3d.attach(back, "back_nails", *[s3d.at(s3d.dome("nail", d, h), on=f) for f in spots])60 61 62# ---------------------------------------------------------------- parts, in the order they are called63 64def section(z, w, d, x=0, y=0, n=2, taper=0):65    """One cross-section of a loft: a superellipse `w` wide and `d` deep, squareness66    `n` (2 an ellipse, 4 a box with round corners), its +Y side narrowed by `taper`,67    centred at (x, y, z)."""68    return s3d.at(s3d.superellipse(w, d, n, taper), x=x, y=y, z=z)69 70 71def upholstered_seat(width=520, depth=480, taper=0.04, squareness=6, board=-8,72                     crown=((15, 3, 3, 0), (35, 12, 10, 4), (55, 30, 24, 8), (68, 90, 72, 12), (76, 190, 160, 18)),73                     apron=60, dip=15, wall=8, seam_up=6, seam_out=10):74    """A cushion domed over a board, an apron hanging round it. `crown` is the dome,75    level by level: (height, inset at the sides, inset front and back, shift back)."""76    w = width / (1 + taper)  # the loft's mean width; the front edge is `width`77    cushion = s3d.loft("cushion", section(board, w, depth, n=squareness, taper=taper),78                       *[section(z, w - 2 * side, depth - 2 * end, y=back, n=squareness, taper=taper)79                         for z, side, end, back in crown])80 81    def drop(x):  # how far the apron hangs below the board: deepest mid-front82        return apron + dip * math.cos(math.pi * x / width) ** 283 84    hem = s3d.superellipse(w - wall, depth - wall, squareness, taper).loops[0].pts85    skirt = s3d.loft("apron", *[s3d.at(s3d.superellipse(drop(x), wall, squareness), x=x, y=y, z=board - drop(x) / 2,86                                       ry=-90) for x, y in hem], follow=True, loop=True)87    # the seam the nails follow: just outside the apron, round the front and sides88    # but not the back, which the back of the chair covers — from the middle of the back round89    rim = s3d.superellipse(w + 2 * seam_out, depth + 2 * seam_out, squareness, taper).loops[0].pts90    start = min(range(len(rim)), key=lambda i: abs(math.atan2(rim[i][1], rim[i][0]) - math.pi / 2))91    seam = [(x, y, board - drop(x) + seam_up) for x, y in rim[start:] + rim[:start] if y < depth / 2 - seam_out]92    return s3d.assembly("seat", cushion, skirt, parts=[cushion, skirt], seam=seam)93 94 95def front_leg(height=420, profile=((0, -10, 30, 30), (210, -4, 36, 36), (420, 0, 44, 44))):96    """A square leg with round corners, tapering to its foot, which steps forward.97    `profile` is (z, y, width, depth) from the floor up; its origin is under its foot."""98    body = s3d.loft("front_leg", *[section(z * height / profile[-1][0], w, d, y=y, n=4) for z, y, w, d in profile])99    return s3d.group("front_leg", s3d.at(body, y=-profile[0][1]))100 101 102def rear_leg(height=420, profile=((0, 16, 30, 30), (210, 6, 36, 36), (420, 0, 44, 44))):103    """The back leg, raking back to its foot. Its origin is under its foot."""104    body = s3d.loft("rear_leg", *[section(z * height / profile[-1][0], w, d, y=y, n=4) for z, y, w, d in profile])105    return s3d.group("rear_leg", s3d.at(body, y=-profile[0][1]))106 107 108def tufted_back(width=520, drawn_for=520, squareness=4, profile=(109        (-260, 0, 440, 50),    # foot, behind the seat: z, y, width, depth110        (-140, 6, 460, 60),111        (-20, 14, 470, 64),    # the cushioned middle112        (90, 24, 480, 66),113        (170, 36, 490, 72),    # leaning back114        (205, 58, 490, 70),    # over the top115        (180, 82, 490, 60),    # down the back116        (130, 88, 490, 46)),   # tucked under117        tuft_rows=((-60, -120), (-52, -40), (-44, 40), (-34, 120)), tuft_pitch=80, tuft_margin=100, tuft_r=55,118        tuft_depth=20):119    """A cushioned panel rising from the seat and rolling over backwards, one loft120    along its own centre line; buttoned on a diamond lattice, each tuft row (y, z),121    the rows' columns staggered. The profile's widths are those of a `drawn_for` chair."""122    widen = width - drawn_for123    body = s3d.loft("back", *[section(z, w + widen, d, y=y, n=squareness) for z, y, w, d in profile], follow=True)124    reach = int((width / 2 - tuft_margin) / tuft_pitch)  # columns each side of the middle125    lattice = [(j * tuft_pitch, y, z) for i, (y, z) in enumerate(tuft_rows)126               for j in range(-reach, reach + 1) if (i + j) % 2 == 0]127    tufts = s3d.snap(body, lattice)128    s3d.dent(body, tufts, tuft_r, tuft_depth)129    return s3d.assembly("tufted_back", body, parts=[body], tufts=s3d.snap(body, tufts))130 131 132if __name__ == "__main__":133    s3d.empty_scene()134    s3d.export(s3d.group("tufted_chair", tufted_chair(**json.loads(sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "{}"))),135               sys.argv[1])

1"""A chair, written as an assembly: the plan first, then the details, then the parts.2 3`chair` reads as a table of contents. `chair_frame` is the plan: the seat on its legs,4and the anchors the details need. Each `add_` function hangs one detail on those5anchors: delete its line and nothing else moves — without `add_back` it is a stool.6The parts come last, each built at its own origin, standing on z = 0.7"""8import sand3d as s3d9 10 11def chair(width=440, depth=420, seat_h=450):12    chair = chair_frame(width, depth, seat_h)   # the plan13    add_back(chair)                             # the details, on the plan's anchors14    add_rails(chair)15    return chair.root16 17 18# ---------------------------------------------------------------- the plan19 20def chair_frame(width, depth, seat_h, t=30, inset=35):21    """The seat on four legs. Publishes the width, the seat's height and the line22    the back stands on."""23    legs = s3d.at(leg(seat_h - t), on=s3d.grid(2, 2, width - 2 * inset, depth - 2 * inset))24    seat = s3d.at(seat_board(width, depth, t), z=seat_h - t)25    return s3d.assembly("chair", seat, legs, width=width, depth=depth, seat_h=seat_h, inset=inset,26                        back_y=depth / 2 - 20)27 28 29# ---------------------------------------------------------------- the details30 31def add_back(chair, h=420, t=24, button_d=16):32    """A panel standing on the seat's back edge, buttoned on its face."""33    back = s3d.at(back_panel(chair.width - 40, h, t), y=chair.back_y, z=chair.seat_h)34    # a side face's frame starts at z = 0, below the parent's origin, and its Y is up35    face = back.face("-Y").move(y=chair.seat_h + h * 0.6)36    buttons = s3d.at(s3d.dome("button", button_d, 5), on=s3d.grid(3, 2, 100, 110, on=face))37    s3d.attach(chair, "back", back, buttons)38 39 40def add_rails(chair, d=18, z=160):41    """A rail between the front and back legs, on each side."""42    # both=True: centred on its middle, so turned about X it spans the depth evenly43    rail = s3d.extrude("rail", s3d.circle(d), chair.depth - 2 * chair.inset, both=True)44    sides = s3d.grid(2, 1, chair.width - 2 * chair.inset, on=s3d.Frame((0, 0, z)))45    s3d.attach(chair, "rails", s3d.at(rail, rx=90, on=sides))46 47 48# ---------------------------------------------------------------- the parts49 50def seat_board(width, depth, t):51    return s3d.fillet(s3d.box("seat", width, depth, t), 8, edges="top")52 53 54def leg(h, foot=26, top=36):55    """Tapered, its foot on z = 0."""56    return s3d.cone("leg", foot, h, d2=top)57 58 59def back_panel(width, h, t):60    return s3d.fillet(s3d.box("back", width, t, h), 6, edges="top")

1"""The weight stack of a cable machine.2 3A column of plates resting in two rubber bumpers, two guide rods standing over the4top plate, and the selector: two nuts and a stem on top, the pin's head at the5chosen plate and a spring lanyard hanging from under the nuts down to it.6 7Millimetres. The stack's frame has its origin under the middle of the lowest8plate, X along the plates, -Y towards the user.9"""10import json11import sys12 13import sand3d as s3d14 15 16# ---------------------------------------------------------------- the object: architecture first, then details17 18def weight_stack(n_plates=14, selected=9):19    """The plates, then each detail on their anchors. Any `add_` line can be deleted:20    the rest of the object does not change."""21    stack = plate_column(n_plates)22    add_bumpers(stack)23    add_guide_rods(stack)24    add_selector(stack, selected)25    return stack.root26 27 28def plate_column(n_plates=14, pitch=24, plate_h=22, plate_d=100, guide_spacing=300):29    """`n_plates` plates `pitch` apart. Publishes where details go: every plate's30    height, the top face, the front face and the two guide lines."""31    bottoms = [i * pitch for i in range(n_plates)]32    plate_z = [z + plate_h / 2 for z in bottoms]33    return s3d.assembly("weight_stack",34                        *[s3d.at(weight_plate(d=plate_d, h=plate_h), z=z) for z in bottoms],35                        plate_z=plate_z, top=bottoms[-1] + plate_h, front=-plate_d / 2,36                        guides=(-guide_spacing / 2, guide_spacing / 2))37 38 39# ---------------------------------------------------------------- details, each on the stack's anchors40 41def add_bumpers(stack, sink=10):42    """Two rubber cups under the guide lines, taking the lowest plate `sink` deep."""43    s3d.attach(stack, "bumpers", *[s3d.at(bumper(), x=x, z=sink, anchor="top") for x in stack.guides])44 45 46def add_guide_rods(stack, gap=8):47    """Two rods on the guide lines, standing `gap` above the top plate."""48    s3d.attach(stack, "guide_rods", *[s3d.at(guide_rod(), x=x, z=stack.top + gap, anchor="bottom")49                                      for x in stack.guides])50 51 52def add_selector(stack, selected=9, nut_t=6, nut_gap=4, head_out=12, lanyard_y=-28):53    """On the top plate, two nuts and the stem; the lanyard's loop sits under the54    upper nut and its spring hangs in front, down to the pin head at plate `selected`."""55    upper = stack.top + nut_t + nut_gap     # under the upper nut56    pinned = stack.plate_z[selected]57    s3d.attach(stack, "selector",58               s3d.at(hex_nut(t=nut_t), z=stack.top, anchor="bottom"),59               s3d.at(hex_nut(t=nut_t), z=upper, anchor="bottom"),60               s3d.at(selector_stem(), z=stack.top),61               s3d.at(pin_head(), y=stack.front - head_out, z=pinned, rx=90),62               s3d.at(spring_lanyard(length=upper - pinned), y=lanyard_y, z=(upper + pinned) / 2, rz=-90))63 64 65# ---------------------------------------------------------------- parts, in the order they are called66 67def weight_plate(w=420, d=100, h=22, hole_d=16, edge_r=2):68    """A steel plate with softened edges, drilled front to back for the selector pin."""69    plate = s3d.fillet(s3d.box("weight_plate", w, d, h), edge_r)70    return s3d.hole(plate, hole_d, on=plate.face("-Y").move(y=h / 2))71 72 73def bumper(d_foot=50, d_mouth=46, h=60, wall=2):74    """A rubber cup the stack rests in, open at the top."""75    cup = s3d.revolve("bumper", [(0, -h / 2), (d_foot / 2, -h / 2), (d_mouth / 2, h / 2), (0, h / 2)])76    return s3d.shell(cup, wall, open="top")77 78 79def guide_rod(d=25, length=900, collar_d=35, collar_h=20):80    """A round rod with a collar at its foot."""81    foot, head = -length / 2, length / 282    return s3d.revolve("guide_rod", [(0, foot), (collar_d / 2, foot), (collar_d / 2, foot + collar_h),83                                     (d / 2, foot + collar_h), (d / 2, head), (0, head)])84 85 86def hex_nut(across_corners=32, hole_d=16.5, t=6):87    return s3d.extrude("hex_nut", s3d.polygon(6, across_corners) - s3d.circle(hole_d), t, both=True)88 89 90def selector_stem(d=15, h=30, wall=1.5):91    """The top of the stem that threads the plates, an open sleeve."""92    return s3d.tube("selector_stem", d, d - 2 * wall, h)93 94 95def pin_head(d=36, t=3, boss_d=12, boss_t=6, hole_d=8):96    """The head of the selector pin, a disc with a boss, facing the user."""97    return s3d.revolve("pin_head", [(hole_d / 2, -boss_t / 2), (boss_d / 2, -boss_t / 2), (boss_d / 2, boss_t / 2 - t),98                                    (d / 2, boss_t / 2 - t), (d / 2, boss_t / 2), (hole_d / 2, boss_t / 2)])99 100 101def spring_lanyard(length=150, loop_d=44, loop_gap=40, neck=40, coil_x=24, lean=12, coil_d=4, wire_d=2.2,102                   pitch=2.6):103    """A loop lying flat on top, round the selector stem and open by `loop_gap`104    degrees, and a close-wound spring hanging `length` down from it, `neck` away105    from the loop's centre and leaning `lean` outwards by its foot."""106    top = length / 2 - wire_d / 2107    loop = s3d.arc((coil_x - neck, 0, top), loop_d / 2, loop_gap / 2, 360 - loop_gap / 2)108    hanging = s3d.at(s3d.helix(coil_d, pitch, 2 * top), x=coil_x, z=top, rx=180)   # from the loop, down109    coil = [(x + lean * (top - z) / (2 * top), y, z) for x, y, z in hanging.points]110    return s3d.wire("spring_lanyard", list(loop.points) + coil, wire_d)111 112 113if __name__ == "__main__":114    s3d.empty_scene()115    s3d.export(s3d.group("weight_stack", weight_stack(**json.loads(sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "{}"))),116               sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else "weight_stack.glb")

1import sand3d as s3d2 3 4def lamp(stem_h=300):5    base = s3d.revolve("base", [(0, 0), (70, 0), (60, 20), (0, 20)])6    stem = s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("stem", 12, stem_h), on=base.face("top"))7    lamp = s3d.assembly("lamp", base, stem, head=s3d.Frame((0, 0, 20 + stem_h)))8    add_shade(lamp)9    return lamp10 11 12def add_shade(lamp, d=180):13    shade = s3d.shell(s3d.cone("shade", d, 120, d2=d / 2), 1.5, open="top bottom")14    s3d.attach(lamp, "shade", s3d.at(shade, on=lamp.head))

1"""A spoon and a fork, from generic verbs — the regression test for "the vocabulary has a2hole": MeshCoder had to hard-code both.3 4Millimetres; the piece lies along +X from its business end, Z up. The handle is shared:5a loft of rounded sections along a gently rising line, narrow at the neck and widening6to a rounded end.7"""8import math9 10import sand3d as s3d11 12 13def handle(length=135, neck=(8.5, 2.6), end=(24, 3.2), rise=16, start=(0, 0, 0), stations=7, end_steps=6):14    """Sections from the neck to the end of the handle, square to its line; the last15    ones close it on a half circle in plan, so the end is round."""16    x0, y0, z0 = start17    r = end[0] / 218    body = length - r                      # where the round end begins19 20    def place(x, width, thick):21        u = (x - x0) / length22        return s3d.at(s3d.superellipse(width, thick, 4), x=x, y=y0, z=z0 + rise * (3 * u ** 2 - 2 * u ** 3), rz=90)23    sections = []24    for k in range(stations):25        u = k / (stations - 1)26        sections.append(place(x0 + body * u, neck[0] + (end[0] - neck[0]) * u ** 1.6,27                              neck[1] + (end[1] - neck[1]) * u))28    for k in range(1, end_steps + 1):29        a = math.radians(85 * k / end_steps)30        sections.append(place(x0 + body + r * math.sin(a), end[0] * math.cos(a), end[1] * (1 - 0.3 * k / end_steps)))31    return s3d.loft("handle", *sections, follow=True)32 33 34def spoon(bowl=(62, 42), depth=13, wall=1.4, rim_r=0.5):35    """A bowl — half an ellipsoid, hollowed, its rim softened — and the handle."""36    length, width = bowl37    cup = s3d.scale(s3d.sphere("bowl", 1), (length, width, 2 * depth))38    s3d.split(cup, s3d.Frame((0, 0, depth)), keep="below")39    cup = s3d.at(cup, z=-depth)                                        # its rim on z = 040    s3d.shell(cup, wall, open="cut")41    s3d.fillet(cup, rim_r, edges="shell")42    return s3d.join(cup, s3d.at(handle(start=(length / 2 - 3, 0, -wall / 2)), z=0))43 44 45def fork(head=(48, 25), tines=4, gap=2.2, root=17, t=2.2, bend_r=140):46    """A flat head cut into `tines` from its tip back to `root`, bent to a curve by47    keeping what a curved plate shares with it — and the handle."""48    length, width = head49    outline = s3d.poly([(-length, -width / 2), (0, -width / 2 + 3), (8, -4.5), (8, 4.5), (0, width / 2 - 3),50                        (-length, width / 2)], fillet=[4, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4])51    pitch = width / tines52    for k in range(1, tines):53        y = -width / 2 + k * pitch54        outline = outline - s3d.at(s3d.slot(2 * (length - root) + gap, gap), x=-length, y=y)55    prism = s3d.extrude("head", outline, 60, both=True)56    steps = 2457    curve = [(bend_r * math.sin(a), 0, bend_r * (1 - math.cos(a)))       # through the neck, rising to the tips58             for a in (-0.42 + 0.5 * k / steps for k in range(steps + 1))]59    plate = s3d.sweep("bend", s3d.rect(t, 4 * width), curve)60    s3d.intersect(prism, plate)61    return s3d.join(prism, handle(start=(6, 0, -t / 4)))

1"""A spoon and a fork, from generic verbs — the regression test for "the vocabulary has a2hole": MeshCoder had to hard-code both.3 4Millimetres; the piece lies along +X from its business end, Z up. The handle is shared:5a loft of rounded sections along a gently rising line, narrow at the neck and widening6to a rounded end.7"""8import math9 10import sand3d as s3d11 12 13def handle(length=135, neck=(8.5, 2.6), end=(24, 3.2), rise=16, start=(0, 0, 0), stations=7, end_steps=6):14    """Sections from the neck to the end of the handle, square to its line; the last15    ones close it on a half circle in plan, so the end is round."""16    x0, y0, z0 = start17    r = end[0] / 218    body = length - r                      # where the round end begins19 20    def place(x, width, thick):21        u = (x - x0) / length22        return s3d.at(s3d.superellipse(width, thick, 4), x=x, y=y0, z=z0 + rise * (3 * u ** 2 - 2 * u ** 3), rz=90)23    sections = []24    for k in range(stations):25        u = k / (stations - 1)26        sections.append(place(x0 + body * u, neck[0] + (end[0] - neck[0]) * u ** 1.6,27                              neck[1] + (end[1] - neck[1]) * u))28    for k in range(1, end_steps + 1):29        a = math.radians(85 * k / end_steps)30        sections.append(place(x0 + body + r * math.sin(a), end[0] * math.cos(a), end[1] * (1 - 0.3 * k / end_steps)))31    return s3d.loft("handle", *sections, follow=True)32 33 34def spoon(bowl=(62, 42), depth=13, wall=1.4, rim_r=0.5):35    """A bowl — half an ellipsoid, hollowed, its rim softened — and the handle."""36    length, width = bowl37    cup = s3d.scale(s3d.sphere("bowl", 1), (length, width, 2 * depth))38    s3d.split(cup, s3d.Frame((0, 0, depth)), keep="below")39    cup = s3d.at(cup, z=-depth)                                        # its rim on z = 040    s3d.shell(cup, wall, open="cut")41    s3d.fillet(cup, rim_r, edges="shell")42    return s3d.join(cup, s3d.at(handle(start=(length / 2 - 3, 0, -wall / 2)), z=0))43 44 45def fork(head=(48, 25), tines=4, gap=2.2, root=17, t=2.2, bend_r=140):46    """A flat head cut into `tines` from its tip back to `root`, bent to a curve by47    keeping what a curved plate shares with it — and the handle."""48    length, width = head49    outline = s3d.poly([(-length, -width / 2), (0, -width / 2 + 3), (8, -4.5), (8, 4.5), (0, width / 2 - 3),50                        (-length, width / 2)], fillet=[4, 0, 3, 3, 0, 4])51    pitch = width / tines52    for k in range(1, tines):53        y = -width / 2 + k * pitch54        outline = outline - s3d.at(s3d.slot(2 * (length - root) + gap, gap), x=-length, y=y)55    prism = s3d.extrude("head", outline, 60, both=True)56    steps = 2457    curve = [(bend_r * math.sin(a), 0, bend_r * (1 - math.cos(a)))       # through the neck, rising to the tips58             for a in (-0.42 + 0.5 * k / steps for k in range(steps + 1))]59    plate = s3d.sweep("bend", s3d.rect(t, 4 * width), curve)60    s3d.intersect(prism, plate)61    return s3d.join(prism, handle(start=(6, 0, -t / 4)))

1import sand3d as s3d2 3 4def rack(n=4, pitch=30, depth=40, t=5):5    base = s3d.extrude("base", s3d.rect(n * pitch, depth, r=3), t)6    pegs = s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("peg", 6, 20), on=s3d.grid(n, 1, pitch), z=t)         # a copy per frame7    hook = s3d.at(s3d.extrude("hook", s3d.rect(4, 12), 12), x=n * pitch / 2 - 4, z=t)8    image = s3d.transform(s3d.copy(hook), mirror="x")                                # its image across x = 09    s3d.join(base, pegs, hook, image)                                                # a list is its elements10    s3d.hole(base, 4, on=s3d.grid(2, 1, (n - 1) * pitch).move(y=depth / 2 - 6))11    s3d.chamfer(base, 0.6, edges="peg")12    return base

1"""A front-loading washing machine, articulated: what #82's vocabulary writes in one piece.2 3Millimetres; the front looks +X, Z up. Four joints, each on a frame read on the cabinet:4the door centred on the porthole, hinged at its outer -Y edge so that it clears the5cabinet (it opens outward about "-Z", 0–143°), the drum endless about the front's6normal, the detergent drawer sliding out 0–200 mm, the dial endless. The drawer's bay and the dial's seat are cut by `seat`, as they sit at rest;7the door's glass is seated in a groove of its ring. Built at rest; `washer_open()` poses it.8"""9import sand3d as s3d10 11 12def washer(w=600, d=600, h=850, porthole=440, door_d=480, drum_d=420):13    cab = s3d.box("cabinet", w, d, h)14    s3d.fillet(cab, 12, edges="side")15    front = cab.face("+X")                                             # X is +Y, Y is up16    s3d.pocket(cab, s3d.circle(porthole), d - 100, on=front.move(0, 400))17    s3d.material(cab, "plastic", color="#f2f2f0")18 19    back = front.move(0, 400).offset(-(d - 200))                     # a solid's height runs along its frame's normal20    drum = s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("drum", drum_d, d - 220), on=back)21    s3d.cut(drum, s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("bore", drum_d - 20, d - 229), on=back.offset(10)))22    s3d.join(drum, s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("axle", 40, 60), on=back.offset(-60)))23    s3d.material(drum, "brushed_steel")24 25    ring = s3d.at(s3d.tube("ring", door_d, 300, 45), on=front.move(0, 400))  # centred on the porthole26    glass = s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("glass", 320, 16), on=front.move(0, 400).offset(14))27    hinge = front.move(-door_d / 2, 400).offset(45)                    # the ring's outer -Y edge: it clears the cabinet28    s3d.seat(ring, glass)29    s3d.material(ring, "painted_metal", color="#3a3d42")30    s3d.material(glass, "glass", color="#cfe3e6", opacity=0.4)31    handle = s3d.at(s3d.box("handle", 24, 110, 30), on=s3d.bbox(ring, "+X").move(x=door_d / 2 - 40))32    door = s3d.group("door", ring, glass, handle)                      # the handle and the glass move with it33 34    top_band = front.move(0, h - 75)35    drawer = s3d.at(s3d.box("drawer", 200, 100, 231), on=top_band.move(150).offset(-230))36    s3d.join(drawer, s3d.at(s3d.box("drawer_front", 220, 120, 15), on=top_band.move(150)))37    s3d.seat(cab, drawer)38    dial = s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("dial", 60, 30), on=top_band.move(-150).offset(-10))39    s3d.seat(cab, dial)40    s3d.material([drawer, dial], "plastic", color="#e6e6e3")41 42    s3d.joint("door_hinge", door, hinge, axis="-Z", range=(0, 143))43    s3d.joint("drum_spin", drum, front.move(0, 400), kind="continuous")44    s3d.joint("drawer_slide", drawer, top_band.move(150), kind="prismatic", axis="+X", range=(0, 200))45    s3d.joint("dial_turn", dial, top_band.move(-150), kind="continuous")46    return s3d.assembly("washing_machine", cab, drum, door, drawer, dial, front=front)47 48 49def washer_open():50    machine = washer()51    s3d.pose(machine, 92, joint="door_hinge")52    s3d.pose(machine, 120, joint="drawer_slide")53    s3d.pose(machine, 30, joint="dial_turn")54    return machine

1import sand3d as s3d2 3 4def gate(w=750, h=1200, post=100):5    l_post = s3d.at(s3d.box("post", post, post, h + 300), x=-w - post / 2)6    r_post = s3d.transform(s3d.copy(l_post), mirror="x")7    board = s3d.at(s3d.box("board", w, 40, h), x=-w / 2, z=150)                    # from the post to x = 08    handle = s3d.at(s3d.cylinder("handle", 20, 60), on=s3d.bbox(board, "+Y").move(x=60 - w / 2))  # near x = 09    leaf = s3d.group("leaf", board, handle)                                        # the handle moves with it10    s3d.joint("hinge", leaf, s3d.bbox(l_post, "+X+Y"), axis="+Z", range=(0, 90))   # the post's edge it opens toward: +X turns toward +Y11    twin = s3d.transform(s3d.copy(leaf), mirror="x")                               # its image, hinged at x = +w: opens toward +Y too12    gate = s3d.assembly("gate", l_post, r_post, leaf, twin)13    s3d.pose(leaf, 60)14    return gate

1import sand3d as s3d2 3 4def bracket(w=80, d=40, t=6, hole_d=6.6, pitch=50):5    plate = s3d.extrude("plate", s3d.rect(w, d, r=4), t)6    s3d.hole(plate, hole_d, on=s3d.grid(2, 1, pitch, 0))7    s3d.fillet(plate, 1, edges="top")8    return plate

1"""f29 — a tube standing at one end of a plate whose other end is square, a rib along the2plate's middle, cut back on a slant.3 4Source: CADFS `00638437` (Onshape FeatureScript, CC BY 4.0). One Top-plane5sketch gives the tube (the ring between its two circles) and the plate (the rectangle6outside the outer circle). The rib's slant is drawn on its -Y side as a diagonal; the7region cut through is the face's other side of it, above the diagonal: the rib becomes8a gusset rising to the tube.9"""10import sand3d as s3d11 12 13def build(half_l=58.34907, half_w=38.61544, bore_r=25.40422, tube_h=82.55, plate_t=25.4, rib=(72.80118, 9.58033),14          rib_h=53.848, slant_x=(-36.40059, 20.03189)):15    tube_at = dict(x=half_l)16    ring = s3d.at(s3d.circle(2 * half_w), **tube_at) - s3d.at(s3d.circle(2 * bore_r), **tube_at)17    part = s3d.extrude("tube", ring, tube_h)18    plate = s3d.rect(2 * half_l, 2 * half_w) - s3d.at(s3d.circle(2 * half_w), **tube_at)19    s3d.join(part, s3d.extrude("plate", plate, plate_t), s3d.extrude("rib", s3d.rect(*rib), rib_h))20    x0, x1 = slant_x21    side = s3d.Frame((0, -rib[1] / 2, 0), (0, -1, 0))22    over = 5  # past the rib's top and end, so the cut leaves no skin23    above = s3d.poly([(x0, plate_t), (x1, rib_h), (x1, rib_h + over), (x0 - over, rib_h + over), (x0 - over, plate_t)])24    return s3d.cut(part, s3d.extrude("slant", above, -plate_t, on=side))

1"""f28 — a turned part: a flanged base and a tall thin sleeve rising from it.2 3Source: CADFS `00577926` (Onshape FeatureScript, CC BY 4.0). One outline4on the Right plane, turned a full revolution about its own edge E9, which lies on the5Z axis: sketch X is the radius, sketch Y the height.6"""7import sand3d as s3d8 9 10def build(base_r=55.19564, base_z=-11.60857, step_r=44.87869, shoulder_z=10.05700, sleeve=(3.61093, 9.80110),11          sleeve_top=55.45154):12    r_in, r_out = sleeve13    return s3d.revolve("turned", [(0, base_z), (base_r, base_z), (base_r, 0), (step_r, 0), (step_r, shoulder_z),14                                  (r_out, shoulder_z), (r_out, sleeve_top), (r_in, sleeve_top), (r_in, shoulder_z),15                                  (0, shoulder_z)])

1"""f06 — a large turned body: one outline revolved about a line of its own.2 3Source: CADFS `00421068` (Onshape FeatureScript, CC BY 4.0). A first4revolve is made and deleted, as in the source; the second outline, drawn on the5Front plane, turns a full revolution about its edge E48 (along X, 115.78 below the6origin).7"""8import math9 10import sand3d as s3d11 12FRONT = s3d.Frame((0, 0, 0), (0, -1, 0))13 14 15def revolve_about(name, outline, a, b):16    """`outline` (Front-plane points) turned a full revolution about the line a → b."""17    ax, ay = a18    dx, dy = b[0] - ax, b[1] - ay19    n = math.hypot(dx, dy)20    ux, uy = dx / n, dy / n21    section = [(abs((x - ax) * uy - (y - ay) * ux), (x - ax) * ux + (y - ay) * uy) for x, y in outline]22    axis = s3d.Frame(FRONT.point(ax, ay), FRONT.point(ux, uy) - FRONT.point())23    return s3d.at(s3d.revolve(name, section), on=axis)24 25 26FIRST = [(-30.605, 50.28), (-5.538, 50.28), (-5.538, 46.49), (9.910, 49.405), (36.726, 45.324), (36.726, 29.876),27         (22.152, 11.222), (18.071, -13.554), (31.188, -23.464), (11.368, -29.876), (2.332, -12.096),28         (-20.986, -20.258), (-29.439, -6.850), (-29.439, 11.513), (-37.600, 25.213), (-37.600, 39.786),29         (-62.376, 46.490), (-62.376, 55.235), (-67.331, 55.235), (-67.331, 61.356), (-56.255, 63.687),30         (-54.065, 53.287), (-46.045, 54.976)]31BODY = [(-65.44221, 49.85064), (-49.00322, 49.85064), (-49.00322, 34.71444), (-20.88390, 34.71444), (0, 9.63158),32        (32.32650, 9.63158), (40.97859, 23.03794), (82.07605, 40.33646), (80.13092, 44.95765), (91.30851, 49.66246),33        (95.23396, 40.33646), (111.92579, 40.33646), (115.38663, 60.66222), (127.01517, 58.68225),34        (127.01517, 49.85064), (119.28008, 49.85064), (115.38663, 31.68720), (56.11977, 19.14577),35        (28.00045, -6.80201), (4.63978, -13.28896), (4.63978, -68.64423), (16.75272, -68.64423),36        (23.24179, -79.02335), (34.05691, -79.02335), (34.92212, -85.07783), (34.92212, -115.78270),37        (15.88751, -115.78270), (15.88751, -87.24014), (0, -87.24014), (0, -10.26172), (-13.52962, -6.80201),38        (-13.52962, 6.60434), (-33.42944, 23.47040), (-60.25095, 23.47040), (-60.25095, 40.33646),39        (-65.44220, 40.33646)]40 41 42def build():43    s3d.delete(revolve_about("first", FIRST, (31.188, -23.464), (11.368, -29.876)))44    return revolve_about("body", BODY, (34.92212, -115.78270), (15.88751, -115.78270))

1"""f03 — a ring notched round its outside, the notches only through its lower half,2their four vertical edges chamfered.3 4Source: Zero-To-CAD-1m `0d84288b-5014-5b32-4355-9452883f472d` (CadQuery, Apache-2.0).5The source's tooth cutters are boxes centred on Z = 0, so they cut the lower half of6a ring that stands on Z = 0; they are merged into one tool first, as the source makes7a compound of them. Its coolant holes fall inside the bore and cut nothing: left out,8since 1.0 a cut that touches nothing raises (#52).9The chamfers — on the notch mouths and, filling, in the notch corners — are drawn10into the cutter's outline.11"""12import math13 14import sand3d as s3d15 16 17def build(outer_d=80, rim=12, thickness=10, teeth=20, notch_depth=9, notch_share=0.6, notch_h=5, chamfer=0.8):18    r = outer_d / 219    ring = s3d.extrude("ring", s3d.circle(outer_d) - s3d.circle(outer_d - 2 * rim), thickness)20    half = math.pi * (outer_d - notch_depth) / teeth * notch_share / 221    corner = math.sqrt(r * r - half * half)                   # where a notch wall meets the rim22    lip = math.atan2(half, corner) + chamfer / r              # where its chamfer meets the rim23    start = (corner - chamfer, half)24    flare = (start[0] + 3 * (r * math.cos(lip) - start[0]), start[1] + 3 * (r * math.sin(lip) - start[1]))25    notch = s3d.poly([(r - notch_depth, -half), (start[0], -half), (flare[0], -flare[1]), flare, start,26                      (r - notch_depth, half)], chamfer=[chamfer, 0, 0, 0, 0, chamfer])27    s3d.cut(ring, s3d.merge(*[s3d.extrude("notch", s3d.at(notch, rz=360 * k / teeth), notch_h, h2=1)28                              for k in range(teeth)]))29    return ring

1"""f11 — a square frame with a rounded window, two holes on its middle line, four2drilled holes at its corners and a blind hole driven into its -Y side along its top3edge.4 5Source: CADFS `00305103` (Onshape FeatureScript, CC BY 4.0). The side6hole is placed at (0, 6.35) on the -Y face's plane — on the top edge — and goes714.4 deep, through the frame's bar into the window: half a hole, a groove.8"""9import sand3d as s3d10 11 12def build(outer=70, window=50, window_r=10, t=6.35, side_d=6, side_x=30, side_hole=(5, 14.4),13          corner_d=5, corner_pitch=60, corner_depth=15):14    shape = (s3d.rect(outer, outer) - s3d.rect(window, window, r=window_r)15             - s3d.at(s3d.circle(side_d), x=-side_x) - s3d.at(s3d.circle(side_d), x=side_x))16    plate = s3d.extrude("plate", shape, t)17    d, depth = side_hole18    s3d.hole(plate, d, on=plate.face("-Y").move(0, t), depth=depth)19    s3d.hole(plate, corner_d, on=s3d.grid(2, 2, corner_pitch, corner_pitch, on=plate.face("top")), depth=corner_depth)20    return plate

1"""f25 — a tall cover lofted through six rectangles that narrow and turn as they rise,2rib grooves cut into its foot, its top and bottom edges rounded.3 4Source: Zero-To-CAD-1m `5ad9d45b-ea4f-8079-1186-76e3b8d6a1b1` (CadQuery, Apache-2.0).5Each `workplane(offset=)` and `transformed(rotate=)` in the loop is relative to the6last — a frame offset and turned from the one before: the sections stand at 0, 16,748, 96, 160, 240 and turn 0, 12, 36, 72, 120, 180 degrees. The blind holes are extruded8below Z = 0, under the cover: left out, they cut nothing and since 1.0 a cut that touches9nothing raises (#52).10"""11import sand3d as s3d12 13 14def build(length=100, height=80, t=5, steps=5, start_w=60, end_w=30, turn=12, rib_t=2, rib_spacing=12, edge_r=1.5):15    step = height / steps16    plane = s3d.Frame()17    sections = [s3d.rect(start_w, length)]18    for i in range(1, steps + 1):19        plane = plane.offset(i * step).turn(rz=i * turn)20        sections.append(s3d.at(s3d.rect(start_w - (start_w - end_w) * i / steps, length), on=plane))21    cover = s3d.loft("cover", *sections)22    rib_h = t - 0.823    x = -(start_w / 2 - rib_spacing)24    s3d.cut(cover, *[s3d.at(s3d.box("rib", rib_t, length, rib_h), x=x, y=i * rib_spacing, z=t / 2)25                     for i in range(int(height / rib_spacing))])26    return s3d.fillet(cover, edge_r, edges="start end")

1"""f26 — a wall flange: a coned cup for a hub, a flange round it, a hole through the2cup's point, its top edges chamfered and a ring of small knurls standing on its rim.3 4Source: Zero-To-CAD-1m `8719a024-46f7-2edf-2d5b-96f11059d3db` (CadQuery, Apache-2.0).5The revolved outline closes on a diagonal from (20, 20) to the origin: the hub is a6cone-shaped cup. `faces('>X').first()` picks the flat top ring, so the knurls stand7on it; the countersunk hole the source's helper drills there coincides with the8cup's own cone and removes nothing — it is left out.9"""10import sand3d as s3d11 12 13def build(hub_r=20, hub_h=12, flange_r=45, flange_t=8, chamfer=0.5, bore=10, knurls=24, knurl=(2, 1.5), knurl_h=1):14    top = hub_h + flange_t15    body = s3d.revolve("flange", [(0, 0), (hub_r, 0), (hub_r, hub_h), (flange_r, hub_h), (flange_r, top),16                                  (hub_r, top)])17    s3d.chamfer(body, chamfer, edges="top")18    s3d.hole(body, bore, on=body.face("top"))19    w, h = knurl20    return s3d.join(body, *[s3d.extrude("knurl", s3d.rect(w, h), knurl_h, on=f)21                            for f in s3d.ring(knurls, flange_r - knurl_h / 2, on=body.face("top"))])

1"""f14 — an elliptical plate, its top edge rounded right through its thickness, the word2"Rato" standing on it.3 4Source: CADFS `00466650` (Onshape FeatureScript, CC BY 4.0). The text is5NotoSans Bold (fixtures/fonts, SIL OFL), drawn on the Front plane and extruded 10 mm6symmetrically. The source gives it no box: Onshape's default size and place are read7off the reference — its ink 107.4 mm wide, topping out at Z = 45.1, centred on X 0.6.8"""9from pathlib import Path10 11import sand3d as s3d12 13FONT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "fonts/NotoSans-Bold.ttf"14FRONT = s3d.Frame((0, 0, 0), (0, -1, 0))15 16 17def build(major=70.9123, minor=34.8954, t=10, edge_r=10, word="Rato", ink_w=107.39, ink_top=45.125, ink_x=0.615):18    plate = s3d.extrude("plate", s3d.ellipse(2 * major, 2 * minor), t)19    s3d.fillet(plate, edge_r, edges="top")20    letters = s3d.text(word, 1, font=FONT)21    (x0, y0), (x1, y1) = letters.bounds()22    size = ink_w / (x1 - x0)23    letters = s3d.text(word, size, font=FONT)24    (x0, y0), (x1, y1) = letters.bounds()25    sign = s3d.extrude("text", s3d.at(letters, x=ink_x, y=ink_top - y1), t, both=True, on=FRONT)26    return s3d.join(plate, sign)